ENY 3005 Family Identification

Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae

Common name: brushfooted butterflies

Gulf fritillary, Agraulis vanillae
 

Identifying characteristics for the family Nymphalidae include:

• Front legs reduced, but otherwise lacking characters of Danaidae or Satyridae.

Additional information:

• A highly variable family with many species.

References:

• Pages 226-227 and plate 9 in D. J. Borror and R. E. White. 1970. A Field Guide to the Insects. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
• Pages 271-277 in R. G. Bland and H. E. Jaques. 1978. How to Know the Insects, 3rd ed. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown Co. 409 p.
• Page 144 and plates 8-11, 27-33 in P. A. Opler. 1992. A Field Guide to Eastern Butterflies. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 396 p.
• Page 642 in D. J. Borror, C. A. Triplehorn, and N. F. Johnson. 1989. An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing. 875 p.
• E. J. Gerberg and R. H. Arnett, Jr. 1989. Florida Butterflies [and Skippers]. Baltimore: Natural Science Publications. 90 p.
• Page 552 in H. V. Daly, J. T. Doyen, and A. H. Purcell III. 1998. Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. 680 p.
• Ritland, D. B., and L. P. Brower. 1991. The viceroy butterfly is not a Batesian mimic. Nature 350:497.

Links to other web sites

• goatweed butterfly, Anaea andria Scudder