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R. E. White. 1983. A Field Guide to Beetles of North America. Boston: Houghton
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J. H. Epler. 1996. Identification manual for the water beetles of Florida
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Hydraenidae, Hydrophilidae, Noteridae, Psephenidae, Ptilodactylidae, Scirtidae).
(9.0 MB pdf file available from the
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Pages 370-478 in D. J. Borror, C. A. Triplehorn, and N. F. Johnson. 1989.
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Pages 454-483 in H. V. Daly, J. T. Doyen, and A. H. Purcell III. 1998.
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